If you make a down payment of less than 20% of the purchase price of a home, mortgage lenders generally require that you take out private mortgage insurance (PMI) that protects the lender in case you default on your mortgage. You may need to pay up to a year's worth of premium for this coverage at closing. One obvious way to avoid this extra cost is to make a 20% down payment. There are also other ways to eliminate private mortgage insurance such as 80-10-10 financing which is further described in this section.
Private mortgage insurance companies write insurance protecting approximately the top 20% of the mortgage against default, depending on the lender's and investor's requirements, the loan-to-value ratio, and the particular loan program involved. Should a default occur, the lender sells the property to liquidate the debt, and is reimbursed by the private mortgage insurance company for any remaining amount up to the policy value.
Yes. Let's say that you are a family with $42,000 annual gross income and monthly revolving debts of $800 (car payment and credit cards) and have $10,000 for a down payment and closing costs on a mortgage at 7% interest. Without private mortgage insurance, the maximum price you can afford is $44,600. But with private mortgage insurance covering the lender's risk, you can buy a house worth $62,300. Private mortgage insurance has afforded you 39% more house.
Costs vary from insurer to insurer, as well as from plan to plan. For example, a highly leveraged adjustable rate mortgage would require the borrower to pay a higher premium to obtain coverage. Buyers with a 5% down payment can expect to pay a premium of approximately 0.78% times the annual loan amount, or approximately $92.63 monthly for a $150,000 purchase price. But the private mortgage insurance premium would drop to around 0.52% times the annual loan amount, or approximately $58.50 monthly, if a 10% down payment was made on the loan.
Private mortgage insurance fees can be paid in several ways, depending on the private mortgage insurance company used. Borrowers can choose to pay the first-year premium at closing; then an annual renewal premium is collected monthly as part of the house payment. Or the borrower can choose to pay no premium at closing, but add on a slightly higher premium monthly to the principal, interest, tax, and insurance payment. Buyers who want to sidestep paying private mortgage insurance at closing but not increase their monthly house payment can finance a lump-sum private mortgage insurance premium into their loan. With this type of payment plan, should the private mortgage insurance be canceled before the loan term expires (through refinancing, paying off the loan, or removal by the loan servicer), the buyers may obtain the rebate of the premium.
Although the buyer typically bears the cost of private mortgage insurance, the lender is the private mortgage insurance company's client, and shops for the private mortgage insurance on behalf of the borrower. Many lenders deal with only a few private mortgage insurance companies because they know the guidelines for those insurers. This can be a problem when one of the lender's prime companies turns down a loan because the borrower doesn't fit it's risk parameters. An un-enterprising lender might follow suit and deny approval on the loan application without consulting even a second private mortgage insurance company. This obviously could leave all the parties involved in an undesirable position.
The lender has an increasingly difficult task to be fair to the borrower while shopping for the most effective method to soften liability. Sometimes, it may appear that a lender has no justification for doing what he or she does - but if we look deeper, it is undoubtedly there.
Surprising as it may seem, some folks with hefty incomes find that it's mighty tough for them to save enough money to make a 20% cash down payment on their dream homes. Using conventional financing, such buyers must purchase private mortgage insurance which increases the cost of home ownership and, ironically, makes it even more difficult to qualify for the mortgage. However, if you're a dues-paying member of the cash-challenged class, don't despair. Given that your income is sufficiently high, it's eminently possible to avoid getting stuck with private mortgage insurance. That is why 80-10-10 financing was invented. It is called 80-10-10 because a savings and loan association, bank, or other institutional lender provides a traditional 80% first mortgage, you get a 10% second mortgage, and make a cash down payment equal to 10% of the home's purchase price. By using this method, you are no longer obligated to take out private mortgage insurance on your property.
The same principle applies if you can only afford to make a 5% down payment, 80-15-5 financing is also available. However, because a smaller cash down payment increases the lender's risk of default, do not be surprised when you are asked to pay higher loan fees and a higher mortgage interest rate for 80-15-5 than you pay for 80-10-10.
The Homeowners Protection Act of 1998, which became effective in 1999, establishes rules for automatic termination and borrower cancellation of private mortgage insurance on home mortgages. These protections apply to certain home mortgages signed on or after July 29, 1999 for the purchase, initial construction, or refinance of a single-family home. These protections do not apply to government-insured FHA or VA loans or to loans with lender-paid private mortgage insurance.
For home mortgages signed on or after July 29, 1999, your private mortgage insurance must, with certain exceptions, be terminated automatically when you reach 22 percent equity in your home based on the original property value, if your mortgage payments are current. Your private mortgage insurance also can be canceled, when you request, with certain exceptions, when you reach 20 percent equity in your home based on the original property value, if your mortgage payments are current.
One exception is if your loan is "high-risk." Another is if you have not been current on your payments within the year prior to the time for termination or cancellation. A third is if you have other liens on your property. For these loans, your private mortgage insurance may continue. Ask your lender or mortgage servicer (a company that collects your payments) for more information about these requirements.
If you signed your mortgage before July 29, 1999, you can ask to have the private mortgage insurance canceled once you exceed 20 percent equity in your home. But federal law does not require your lender or mortgage servicer to cancel the insurance.
Private mortgage insurance originated in the 1950s with the first large carrier, Mortgage Guaranty Insurance Corporation (MGIC), referred to as "magic". For this reason, early private mortgage insurance methods were deemed to "magically" assist in getting lender approval on an otherwise unacceptable loan package. Today, there are dozens of private mortgage insurance underwriting companies in the United States.
Mortgage Loan Resources 
